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Sabino Canyon Volunteer Naturalists

Sabino Canyon Volunteer Naturalists

Appreciate the natural wonders of Sabino Canyon

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Birds

Birds (class Aves or clade Avialae) are feathered, winged, two-legged, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates. Aves ranks as the tetrapod class with the most living species, approximately ten thousand. Extant birds belong to the subclass Neornithes, living worldwide and ranging in size from the 2" Bee Hummingbird to the 9' Ostrich. The fossil record indicates that birds emerged within the theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago. Most researchers agree that modern-day birds are the only living members of the Dinosauria clade.

Modern birds are characterized by feathers, a beak with no teeth, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Extant birds have wings. Wings are evolved forelimbs, and most bird species can fly. Birds also have digestive and respiratory systems that are uniquely adapted for flight.

Many species annually migrate great distances, and many more perform shorter irregular movements. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and songs, and participating in such social behaviors as cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, but rarely for life. Other species have polygynous (“many females”) or, rarely, polyandrous (“many males”) breeding systems. Eggs are usually laid in a nest and incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching.

Zone-Tailed Hawk

Zone-Tailed hawk soaring

Zone-tailed Hawks are solitary raptors and usually are seen individually. Zone-tailed Hawks are large (20 inches long …

Western Tanager

Western Tanager

During breeding season the male sports a vivid orange-red head due to the presence of rhodoxanthin, a pigment acquired …

Western Screech-Owl

Western Screech-Owl

They do not migrate. They live on the edges of wooded areas, in the desert and within urban areas. These small grey …

Western Bluebird

Western Bluebird

They often compete with other birds such as Phainopepla for desert fruit such as mistletoe berries. The Western …

Violet-Crowned Hummingbird

Violet-crowned Hummingbird

When it appeared in Sabino Canyon above the dam, it instantly become a magnet for birders all over Tucson I first …

Vermilion Flycatcher

Vermilion Flycatcher

During the breeding seasons, male Vermillion Flycatchers perform a dramatic flight display above the tree canopy, …

Verdin

Verdin 5

Verdins also build nests to sleep in at night Verdins are tiny active birds that are year-round residents of Sabino …

Swainson’s Hawk

Swainson's Hawk

They frequently migrate in large flocks called "kettles" by hawkwatchers. Swainson's Hawks are large buteos, similar …

Red-Tailed Hawk

Red-Tailed Hawk

In flight, Red- tailed Hawks show dark marks on the leading edge of the wing adjacent to the body. These “patagial …

Pyrrhuloxia

Pyrrhuloxia 3

Both Pyrrhuloxias and Cardinals breed at Sabino, their territories may overlap, and no conflicts between the two species …

Prairie Falcon

Prairie Falcon

Powered flight is rapid and direct with moderately fast, shallow, stiff wingbeats. Prairie Falcons are large pale …

Phainopepla

Phainopepla

Their winter diet is primarily desert mistletoe berries and they are known to eat over 1100 berries per day. The …

Peregrine Falcon

Peregrine Falcon

Peregrine Falcon are one of the fastest and strongest birds in the world, achieving speeds of over 200 mph in a stoop …

Northern Cardinal

Northern Cardinal

Arizona is one of only three western states that hosts this bird. Most people are familiar with the flashy northern …

Loggerhead Shrike

Loggerhead Shrike

Loggerhead Shrikes make a habit of impaling dead quarry on thorns or barbed wire, the way a butcher hangs meat. The …

Ladder-Backed Woodpecker

Ladder-Backed Woodpecker

A woodpecker’s head endures deceleration at 1,000 times the force of gravity with each strike and can drum 8 - 12,000 …

Harris’s Hawk

Harris’s Hawk

Harris’s Hawks will hunt cooperatively, lead by an alpha female, to flush, intercept and corner prey. Harris’s Hawks …

Greater Roadrunner

Greater Roadrunner

One of the best ways to locate a roadrunner is to listen for the unique sound they produce by clattering their mandibles …

Great Horned Owl

Great Horned Owl

They have excellent hearing and eyesight and swoop down from a high perch to capture their prey. Great Horned Owls are …

Gray Hawk

Gray Hawk

Both adults participate in the nest building with the male bringing in most of the dead sticks and the female shaping …

Gilded Flicker

Gilded Flicker atop a saguaro

They are capable of extending their tongue fully five inches outside the bill to probe deeply into anthills. Gilded …

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Sabino Canyon Volunteer Naturalists
5700 N Sabino Canyon Road
Tucson, AZ 85750

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